A pioneer in absorbing western science
Overview
Chinese Name: 邓小平
English Name: Deng Xiaoping
Other Names: Deng Xiansheng邓先圣, Deng Xixian邓希贤
Born: August 22, 1904
Died: February 19, 1997
Achievements:
Promoting China’s reform and opening up推动中国改革开放
Create the political concept of “one country, two systems”提出一国两制政治理念
The main founder of Deng Xiaoping Theory邓小平理论的主要创立者
Main Works：
Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping邓小平文选
Deng Xiaoping on Education邓小平论教育
Brief Biography of Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping, from Guang’an, Sichuan. In his early years, he went to Europe for work study. After returning to the country, he successively held many important leading positions in the party and the army. He became the founding father of the people’s Republic of China for the implementation of a series of major strategic decisions of the Party Central Committee.
The policy concepts of “reform and opening up” and “one country, two systems” advocated by him changed China in the late 20th century and also affected the world. Therefore, he was elected the “man of the year” of time magazine twice in 1978 and 1985.
On August 22, 1904, he was born in Paifang village, Xiexing Township, Guang’an County, Sichuan Province, named Deng Xiansheng.
In the summer of 1923, he joined the Communist Youth League branch in Europe and began his career as a professional revolutionary.
In 1924, he participated in the editing of the official journal of the Communist Youth League in Europe, Chiguang. In July, he was elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League in Europe and became a member of the Communist Party of China.
In the spring of 1927, he returned from the Soviet Union and was sent by the Communist Party of China to work at Xi’an Zhongshan military school affiliated to Feng Yuxiang’s national coalition army. He served as director of the political department and Secretary of the CPC Organization of the school.
After the breakdown of the first Kuomintang communist cooperation, he changed his name to Deng Xiaoping and attended the emergency meeting of the CPC Central Committee in Wuhan on August 7. Moved to Shanghai with the central authorities at the end of the year.
He served as Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee from 1928 to 1929.
In the spring of 1933, he served as the propaganda minister of the CPC Jiangxi Provincial Committee. In May, he was struck by the “left” line and was dismissed from his post. Soon, he was transferred to the Secretary General of the General Political Department of the Red Army.
In October 1934, with the Central Red Army on the long march. At the end of the year, he was appointed Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee.
In May 1936, he served as deputy director of the Political Department of the first Red Army Corps and later as director.
From August to December 1940, he participated in the command of the hundred regiments war. The hundred regiments war was the largest strategic offensive campaign against the Japanese army launched by the Eighth Route Army in North China.
From September to November 1945, he led the Shangdang campaign and Handan campaign together with Liu Bocheng.
In May 1947, he was appointed secretary of the Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
On February 5, 1949, the Central Plains field army was reorganized into the second field army and served as a political commissar.
On September 30, 1949, he was elected as a member of the Central People’s government at the first plenary session of the Chinese people’s Political Consultative Conference.
In 1951, he led the army to work in Tibet. Peaceful liberation of Tibet.
In September 1959, he served as a standing member of the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee.
In July 1963, he led a delegation of the Communist Party of China to Moscow to hold talks with the delegation of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, firmly safeguarding the principle of independence and autonomy of the Communist Party of China.
In May 1966, the “Cultural Revolution” began. Soon, he was wrongly criticized and struggled and lost all his posts.
From 1969 to 1973, he was transferred to the tractor repair factory in Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province.
On August 3, 1972, he wrote to Mao Zedong, hoping to do more work for the party and the state for several years. Mao Zedong’s instructions affirmed Deng Xiaoping’s historical achievements.
On March 10, 1973, the CPC Central Committee made the decision on restoring Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s Party organizational life and the post of vice premier of the State Council. In August, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In December, according to the decision of the CPC Central Committee, he served as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and a member of the Central Military Commission.
In January 1975, he served as vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, vice premier of the State Council, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the general staff of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army. With the support of Mao Zedong, he presided over the daily work of the party, the state and the army,
comprehensively rectified the chaos caused by the “Cultural Revolution”, won the heartfelt support of the people all over the country, and achieved remarkable results.
In April 1976, a “Tiananmen Square incident” occurred in Beijing to mourn Premier Zhou Enlai, support Deng Xiaoping and oppose the gang of four, and all posts were removed.
In July 1977, the Third Plenary Session of the 10th CPC Central Committee restored Deng Xiaoping’s former leadership of the party, government and army.
At the 11th National Congress of the CPC held in August 1977, he was elected vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee.
In March 1978, he was elected chairman of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese people’s Political Consultative Conference.
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, held in December 1978, opened up a new period of China’s reform and opening up and concentrated efforts on socialist modernization. At this meeting, he played a decisive role in the historical transformation of the policies of the Communist Party of China.
From January 28 to February 6, 1979, China and the United States visited the United States after the formal establishment of diplomatic relations. It was the first visit to the United States by a new Chinese leader.
In September 1980, he resigned as vice-premier of the State Council.
In June 1981, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee adopted the resolution on several historical issues of the party since the founding of the people’s Republic of China drafted under the auspices of Deng Xiaoping. The resolution completely denied the “Cultural Revolution”, comprehensively evaluated Mao Zedong’s historical status, and proposed that Mao Zedong thought must be adhered to and developed. The meeting elected Deng Xiaoping as chairman of the Central Military Commission.
From September 12 to 13, 1982, the first plenary session of the 12th CPC Central Committee held, elected Deng Xiaoping as the standing member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and decided to appoint him chairman of the Central Military Commission. On September 24, he met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and expounded China’s basic position on the Hong Kong issue, setting the tone for future negotiations between the Chinese and British governments.
From January to February 1992, he visited Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places. This talk and the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China marked that China’s reform, opening up and modernization have entered a new stage.
On February 19, 1997, he died in Beijing at the age of 93.